Jeypore: A rare species of agarwood tree once believed to exist only in the hills of Meghalaya has been discovered thriving in Assam’s Jeypore Reserve Forest. The tree, scientifically known as Aquilaria khasiana, is classified as Critically Endangered, and this breakthrough offers new hope for its conservation.

The discovery was made by scientists from the Botanical Survey of India, who confirmed the tree’s identity using both physical characteristics and DNA barcoding. The study also successfully decoded the tree’s complete chloroplast genome for the first time, proving a direct link between Assam’s population and the previously known trees in Meghalaya’s East Khasi Hills.

Until now, the species was thought to survive in only a few scattered patches. A rediscovery in 2016 had found just nine individuals in Meghalaya, and a more recent 2023–24 survey counted only five surviving trees in that region. In contrast, the Jeypore forest now hosts more than 200 mature individuals, representing a dramatic expansion of the species’ known habitat.

However, the excitement is tempered by caution. Genetic testing revealed that Assam’s trees show some similarities to Gyrinops walla, a related species from Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats. Experts say this taxonomic overlap warrants further investigation.

Aquilaria khasiana is prized for producing agarwood—a fragrant resin used in perfumes and incense. Its high market value has made it a frequent target for illegal harvesting, while its natural habitat continues to face threats such as deforestation, grassland decline, fire, and insect damage.

Despite the promising numbers found in Assam, scientists stress that the species remains under severe threat. Its overall population has declined by over 80% in recent decades. Conservationists recommend retaining its Critically Endangered status under IUCN guidelines and are urging both Assam and Meghalaya authorities to implement urgent protection measures and a species recovery plan.

The researchers concluded that while this rediscovery is a remarkable stroke of luck, it must be followed by action. Without immediate conservation steps, the tree’s future remains uncertain.